Rituximab (Rituxan®) is a monoclonal antibody directed against activated B cells. While rituximab is usually used to treat B cell lymphomas, successful treatment of several different types of non-cancerous autoimmune disorders has been reported recently. These include immune hemolytic anemia, Wegener's granulomatosis, cold agglutinin disease, and paraneoplastic phemhigus. In the experience of the National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, the largest center for the treatment of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, Rituximab has shown benefit when used to treat OMS.

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